Air pollution is a massive environmental challenge in India today. Major anthropogenic sources of air pollution include biomass burning, traffic emissions, industrial activities, and construction, which release a combination of particulates and gases, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Once released into the atmosphere, these air pollutants undergo continuous changes in their physical and chemical characteristics, which can lead to the secondary formation of aerosols due to various factors, including atmospheric chemical processes. Understanding these factors, particularly the atmospheric chemical processes involved, is essential for developing effective pollution control measures, such as policymaking and technology development. While both field studies and controlled laboratory experiments can be used to explore these atmospheric processes, field observations often provide limited insight into the specific role of individual factors or pollutants. Key laboratory approaches for studying these physicochemical changes, especially the formation of secondary aerosols formation and their mechanisms, include environmental “smog” chambers and oxidative flow reactors (OFRs). In this discussion, I will cover various environmental chambers that can simulate different atmospheric processes in the laboratory.